Photographic camera-enlarger



sie

zagsomss uuu in lvgnamaua.

J. GELB 'PHOTOGRAPHIC CAMERA-Emmons Filed .my 14, 1942 namens-Shep: 1

7:5159 nik mig.

J.. GELB PHOTOGRAPHE CAEERA-EHLARGBR Filed .my 14. 1942 neg. 194s.

i 1 2 Sbeetseshut 5'.

A j////7////`jI l rHoToaRArmc cAunA-Bmnasn 'rma iy 14, 1.942

I 12 Shints-fshut 7 Ll" Il Dec. 4, 1945. L GELB i f rao'rocanmc chuan-mman Y nica .my 14. 1942;' Y f 12 shuts-nm u :Tl-G. 34.

.mwmmxmxw Patented Dee, 4, 19.45

v1'no:ro'om'i'rfmcmuseum-illu.immun .rmph.;e1s.newrnrk, NJ.' opnemen :nl: u. 1942, seria saisons 4 anni.. (ci. as--w The object of the present invention is to provide a photographic 'camera-emerger embodying improvements over devices of the kind now in use to enable morel rapid and accurate adJustment of various elements, quicker and accurate placement of a'negative in enlarging work, better application of pressure to the negative and release of 4pressure therefrom; an improved control of heat generated by the lamp and the lamp house: an improved mounting-and arrangement of the condenser elements; an improved counterbalance and adjustment for the enlarger head:

' an automatic control of light volume through the negative in enlarging so that the light volume is automatically varied in accordance with changes las-u, rieure u.

in the size of the enlargement; the employment of means for increasing the normal output of light intensity from alight source and control of color temperature. These and other features of the invention will be described with 'reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

Figure 1 is a view inside elevation illustrating an embodiment of the invention,

Figure 2 is a view similar to Figure 1, showing said embodiment in front elevation,

Figure 3 is a transverse horizontal section on the line 3 3, Figure i, taken through the condenser mounting.

Figure 4 is an isometric view illustrating the condenser assembly.

Figure 5 is an enlarged vertical section teken through the lamp house condenser easing and condenser assembly, also through the'pressure plate, the negative holder and the upper part of the bellows extension and certain associated elements.

12 u e vlew'xlmner to mure u, mus trating a modified lead arrangement for the me- .taille ltape carrying .the counter-balance weight and leading from the bracket,

Figure -13 is a fragmentary horizontal section taken on the line |,3'-i3, Figure i2.

Figure 14 is ahorizontatsectionon the line Figure 15 is l. vie-w in elevation, similar to Figure 1, showing the appearance of the strue ture after removal ofthe lamp4 house and the application oi a camera .back and .a reiiecting mirror.

Figure i6 is -a plan view, partly in section, taken on the line lie-i8, Figure i5.

Figure 17 isa fragmentary' view in elevation direction ofthe arrows. Figure 18 is a .detailed View in side elevation, partLv broken away. showing the mounting of the tubular standard 4on a. -wall by means ot wall.

brackets.

Figure i9 is a horizontal 4section on 'the line i9- i9, Figure 18.

Figure 20 is a .perspective view. showinz one of the bracket units with its two elements sep- Figure 21 is a fragmentary vertical section through the lamp house showing a heat-absorb ingmember disposed below a tubular 'heat-air sorbing member surrounding the lamp.

Figure su a horizontal section taken' on the line B-, Figure 5, looking in the direction of the arrows.

Figure 'I is .a fragmentary view, in elevatiom partly in section, illustrating construction of the pressure plate. .j Figure 8 is a horizontal section taken onthe -line I-I, Figure 1.

Figure 9 is a perspective view showing the negative-carrying plaies in assembly.

Figure 10 is a fragmentary section talren vertically on the line i -fi, Figure 9,

. Figure 11 is a view in elevation, partly broken away.' showing the tubular standard, the slide bracket for the enlarger assembly and modified means for counterbalanci-ng andfor Vernier adiustm'ent of the bracket and the elements carried *,thereby, the ngure being taken at the side o! the ltandart Figure 22 is a viewin iront elevation showing the lower section of the lamp house and certain elements oi the pressure plate and control there.' for, partly insection, and illustrating in position below the pressure plate a focusing unit which 'includes a lamp' energized by atbattery controlled by n switch. the lamp throwing a beam from the same plane as a lm to be enlarged so that shari ness of the beam thrown from the clear' lampfocusing unit may be'reached by adjustment to determine the proper focus.

Figure 23 is a fragmentary plan view of the l* focusing unit, partly broken away.

Figure 24 is c vertical section on the line M Figure 23, looking inthe direction of the arrows.

Figure 25 is-a vertical section through the lamp house showing a. cylindrical .'heateabsorbing member for theiamp'and below the same a' fiuo'resoent or phosphor-iluorescent member for in creasing the intensity o! lisht. Y

house or hmllvvunit-l'llowing L light source ...V im. um :ons 'nirmi:

low the same. rupemosed-noorescent phosphoriluorescent members.

Figure 26A is a transverse section through a modified arrangement for increasing intensity oi the light, comprising essential light source and two coaxial and surrounding tubular fluorescent,

' or phosphor-fluorescent units.

.Figure 27 is an enlarged section taken through the fluorescent or phosphor-,nuoreacent member of Figure 25.

Figure2-8isavicwsimilartol'igure27.show

` ing the uorescent orl phosphorfluorescent coating applied to both faces of the member.

Figure 29 is a view in elevation, partly in verti- -cal section. showing a modified iorm o! focusing arrangement for the lenses connected to means for varying the intensity of the light in 'accordance with the size of enlargement. the adjustment being for maximumenlargement.

.Figure 3o is o 'new similar to 29, showing the lenses adjusted'downwardiy to decrease the sire of enlargement.

Figure 31 is. an enlarged view o! the adustable lens mounting illustrated in the two preceding Bloeklmpnortsadependingrod Msndslidably mountedon therodisafocuring bracket Ilhavingaringextension Il.-'Ihis ringc'arrieo the lower end of a bellows il, the upper-.end he lng carried liyringj.A

Mounted to slide up and down on the cylindrical lower end of condenser housing Ii is the Figure 35 is a view similar censure a3, snowing the position oi the rheostat controls ior high light intensity sa applied to relatively large enlax-gements.

Figure 36 is a fragmentary vertical section on the line 384|, Figure 85.

Figure 37 is a side elevation of the tubular standard. the enlarger-camera carrying bracket and associated elements. a standard carrying at its top a casing for the light intensity control.

.Figure 38 is a vertical section through the light control casing taken at right angles to its position in Figure 37.

Figure 39 is a schematic view showing the rhostat and wiring.

Referring to the drawings. and particularly spring'. In the operation'of the pressure plate. release of the latch will enable the spring 2t to move Figures l and 2. the embodiment therein shown comprises a base board I carrying a split clamping sleeve 2 or an unbroken sleeve 2r as shown in Figure 2. which receives tubular .standard 2. Slidabiy mounted on the tubular standard is the sleeve .lx of the bracket l having at its top a horizontal bearing boss l. A Within boss 8 is a horizontal shaft prolected from a block l which carries tins 1. The shaft (not shown) isA threaded to receive tlithreaded hub of a clamp I. Rising from block l is a bracket arm l. The bracket arm l is secured to the block by means of a threaded retaining screw Il Vwhich passes through the block.' Bracketv ann I 4is immediately carried by a condenser casing II whichv is cylindrical in form and which is flangedat its top to receive the flanged outwardly-flared lower portion of a lamp housing I2. s cust/omni?.

' the lower flared section of the lamp housing is vperforated at I2: ior the plssaze of cooling air and the topot the housing has applied thereto acoolinghood Il.

upwardly extending ring area Il: of a pressure f plate Il. .M shown in Figure 2. the ring-shaped area of the prsure plate is integrally formed with opposed cups-I1. As shown in Figure 1. the condenser housing Il i's laterally provided with short arms IIx, each of which proiech into into one of the cupa.

The pressure picto v Carried by the pressure plate and' proiecting upwardly into the cups Il v(Figure'l) are posti I2. Surrounding the postsand bearing at their tops against arms Il: at their bottoms against the pressure plata-ere spiral Springs 2l. These springs normally hold the pressure plato downward firmly .and yet with yielding spring pressure. The prwure plate may be raised against the tension ofthe springs by the following means: Pivoted in short enlargements lin on the exterior of the condenser housing II are thearmsofaswingleveru. Eacharmisalsc plvoted at 22 to the enlarged head Hr of one of the posts I9. inasmuch as the lower ends of the posts are secured te the pressure plate, the

raising of the rods will elevate the .pressure plate against the tension of the springs 2o, and a latch is provided. holding the pressure plate In elevated, and thus, in released position.

The latch' is shown in Figure 1 at zr, its lower end is pl-voted at 24 and its upper -end is provided with a curved finger piece below which is a hook extension adapted to llt over the central or handle portion of swing lever 2|.- The latch is normally pressed into operative .position by a the pressure plate downward into operative position. The pressure plate is'released, Le.. raised.

by swinging handle 2| downwardly until it is engaged by the latch. The bellows aduxtment f As hereinbeiore stated. the focusingbracket Il is mounted to `:slide on vertical rod Il. A8 seen by reference -to Figures 8 and 8. rod Il is formed with a vertical Acharmellnto which is projected a friction disk 2| carried by @shaft 21 having one ormore thumb'wheeis 2B. Block -I5 is formed with asemi-annular passageway for shaft 2l and a retaining plate 2l secured to the block likewise formed with a horl :ontal semi-annular passageway, complements the bearing ,aperture for shaft 2I. Retaining plate 2! is formed with two hollow spring-receivmg enlargements 29x. a spiral spring being disposed in each enlargement. In front o! cach spring is a :moved-block 3l for exerting frictional pressure upon shaft 2l the pressure being communicatedfromA the shaft to disk 20 and -hence upon thewalls of vthe channelway or groove in rod Il.

Ring IS: secured to the looming bracket or Y block IS isformed with a lower recess to receive a lensmounting plate II (Figures 8 and 8) which may lie over lugs I2 carried by ring Itis-.and which may be' h cld in position by a 'relea'sable catch Il.

Asshowninrigureslando,the focusing .'11 1;. prima bracket or block i8 may carry a depending headed s tud 34 pivotally mounting a nite: carrier 35 o( any suitable construction.

The negative carrying plates' ,The negativecarrying plates 38. 36:: are best shown in .Figures "I. 9 and'lo. Each plate is,

formed with four centering hollow nipples 3l.

asados: 3

'controlled manually by a thumb wheel. The pinion and thumb wheel are carried by a sup. porting bracket for the cameraenlareer which in turn ls connected to a counterbalance through the medium of a steel tape or'chain. As hereinbeiore described, the lcounterioalance may be t spiral spring controlling the movement of a drum The lower-most negative carryingplate 36 is selfcentering with respect to ring l. In the use of the term "ring" in this connection, I include either' an annular'iorrn or the rectangular form shown inthe embodiment illustrated. The said lower shown between the negative carrying plates. The

adjustment for the camera-enlarger will now be described.

The vertical positioning of the cameralenvlaroer As hereinbeiore s et forth. the sleeve of bracket which carries the assembled camera-enlarger is mounted to slide .on a tubular standard 3. Applied to the exterior oi the standard is a rack 3x. In the construction shown in Figures l, and 37, the sleeve 41: is provided with one or more bearing bosses 4.1:: to receive a shaft 38 which may be turned by a thumb wheel 39. On the shaft also is a pinion indicated by dotted lines at 4t. Figure 1, the pinion engaging the rack. By rotating thumb wheel 39.. the camera-enlarger may be raised and lowered relatively to the tubular standard 3. .A counterbalance is employed, which counterhalance comprises a metallic tape 4I secured at its lower end to bracket4. In the structure illustrated in Figure l, the tape is connected to a pulley 42 rotating in a housing 43 secured to the upper end of tubular standard l, and a spring spirally wound aroundthe shaft, having its free ed'connected tothe pulley and its inner end fixed to the shaft, may be employed for' exerting the counterbalanoing force. This spring is` not illustrated in the drawings. The alternative oi the spring is a weight and in other forms of theinvention a weight is illustrated. These forms will be found illustrated in Figures 1l, 12- and 37.- 'I'he formillustrated in Figure 11 employs a pulley in housing 43 over which tape 4| is led and thence extended downwardlyV in the hollow standard 3 to a point oi' connection with a weight 44.

In the structure oi Figure l2.A tape 4I is led over a small pulley 45 in housing43 and thence extends to the base of the housing over a small pulley I6 and thence extends upwardly over a second pulley 45:' in housing 63. the tape thence leading downwardly to its connection with weight In the construction ot Figure 37, a chain 41 is `substituted for the steel tape, the chain beingled over a pinion 48 in a housing 4S at the top oi the hollow standard 3. thekchain then 'extending downwardly in the housing to the weight 44.

The combination o! counterbalance iaith vender control for the ecmeralenlaroer 'stituted by a worm adjustment.

'or pulley towhlch the tape or chain is secured, o r may be a weight movable within the tubular 'standar-dcr any equivalent for the spring or weight. There is thus provided a counte'rbalan ver-nier adjustment for the camerafenlarser.-

In the structure oi Figure l1. the rack is sub. The worm n is disposed within a vertical chamber formed in a boss 4l by bracket 4, the chamber being closed at its lower end by a cap plate 48. The worm is provided at its aperti-:red axis -with a key enterir'ig a longitudinal slot in alight shaft 4S which passes-through the cap plate 48 and the upper wall oi' the chamber in boss 4l. At its upper end shaft 49 is supported for rotation in a bearing -xnember 50 carried by housing I3, and at its lower end thel shalt rotates in the hushed projection 2r oi bracket 2. The lower end of shait 4! cab' ries a bevelled gear 5| in mesh 'with a drive gear 52 on theend of a shaft 53 having athumb wheel 54. When the thumb wheel is rotating, bracket 4 and the camera-enlarger carried thereby and eounterbalanced by weight 44, maybe given a Vernier adjustment with ease.

Referring to Figure l2 the function of the long` 'leads of steel tape 4I. the tape projecting up.

wardly from bracket 4.1: over a guide pu1ley. thence-to the base oi the tubular sandard 3 and up from a guide pulley at said point again tothe top of the standard and thence downwardly to the vweight is as follows:

The arrangement permits the use of the same thumb wheel s4 and shaft sa. at the base of the tubular standard, as employed in the structure of Figure il. The pulley 4 6 is ilxed to shaft 53 -and the pulley acts as a drive'mein'ber for tape 4|. In actual practice-friction alone between the pulley 46 and the tape will not be relied upon.

' Thus the pulley 46 may have a toothed periphery In au of un forms with the exception or that illustrated 1n Figure u. the tubular standard a to enter spaced apertures formed in the-tape. Por

clarity of illustration this has not b'eexr'shown in the drawings. Y

It will also be understood that in the structure oi' Figure 1l. the weight may be longitudinally apertured as at its axis and the connection between the. tape and the weight may be adjacent the aperture. This will `permit shaft 49 to be placed within the tubular standard 3 .and extending through the weight. the interior oi' the -weight having a 'threaded sleeve receiving the worm 4i.' The construction is the-same in principle and its advantage is merely in eliminating.

the exterior position or the said venue: adlusung' parte.

The condenser :mit

lower ena of the lamp house i2 nu over che mp area of the -condenser housing. resting upon an annular flange Ilm. 'Ih-leaded studs $5 are employed to 4secure the lamp house in position. Upon removal of these studs the lamp bouse may be raised to expose the top of the condenser unit.

'111e latter consists o! an outer s leeve Si within which is a spacer ring 5l for the lenses 58. ils.

4 'l -a,soo.oce Y 39. Armllislooselymotmtedonshattltta" worm wheel f8! and is pivotally connected to a The top iensl upon the rim of spacer ring 51. At its upper margin may be positioned a sealtionby the inturned lower edge of the condenser ing ringot rubber or any other suitable material indicated-'at 5l which is pressed downward by a sleeve 58x.' I prefer that the frictionl ring l0 of the condenser unit be apertured to receive the threaded ends ot thumb screws 55 so that'the v `latter maybe of adequate length.

Assembly and disassembly of the condenserA unit above described is very simple.- Assembly merely requires placement o( the sealing ring 5l on the inturned ilange il: ofthe condenser sleeve followed by insertion o! the spacer ring il, whereupon the upper lens may be placed on the top o!" the spacer ring, the sealing rlngitg inserted. and the whole assembly frictionaliy held l -together by depression of the friction ring 6l. I!

desired. ring 50 may be threaded within the con` denser sleeve 5S so as to exert a controllable pressure upon the sealing rings 5! and hence upon the lens periphe'ries.`

Heat absorption for the lamp in protection of the condenser: and nenative The condensers and the negative are substantlaily protected from undue heat emanated from the lamp L b'y a' transparent heat-absorbing mediumor mediums interposed between the lamp and the upper condenser. An embodiment is illustrated in Figures 5 and 6 wherein the inner member 12x: oi the lamp house carries a pluraiity o! bracket arms 5i which receive a trans- .parent heat-absorbing plate 62 held in position I by heat-insulated clips 63 secured to the brackets negative and to the bese board wm be increased.

drive-link 13 havingat its outer` end .a roller 18x entering the V-shaped channel ot a cam 1l car.

ried by worm wheel i9. The function of cam Il ing withthe speed o! rotation oi worm wheel l. thereby automatically adjusting intensity of the light in accordance with the size of the projected image.

As the csmera-enlargeruis raised fminthe base board, the sire oi' the enlargement will be irncreased and the normal illumination throughthe The arm 1| i'eeds to the lamp conductor Hz by sliding engagement with a contact ring 18, Figure 38. The positive lead to the rh'eostat lis indicated at 1l.'

A modified form .of .automatic control ot illumination is illustrated in .Figures 29 to 30 iny elusive. Within the lamp house is a fixed Polaroid plate 18 below which is a Vmovable Polaroid plate 18 carried by a ring 19.1: connected by rods 480 to a rotary carrier 8l. Polaroid plate 'Il is l0 related to Polaroid plate n um rotation thereof in one direction will have a screening eilect upon the beam of light from the lamp L wheres rotation in the opposite direction will have a reverse etiect.

The base cap of thelanip house, shown at 12. is formed with' an internally threaded tubular neck 82:: which receives the extcriorly threaded lens carrier 83 at the lower end ol which is lens holder 8l. The lens carrier is secured by screws 85 to the rotary carrier Il for the lower Polaroid plate. The focusing lens is shown at It, and when it is moved upwardly by the instrumentalities above described, the length of locus will be shortened, the size o! the image increased and the intensity ot the light beam increased by the relative movement ot the Polaroid plate. It will be understood that in substitution of Polaroid plates, any other form ol mechanical light controlling shields may be employed.

Increase of light with ultra-violet output and' phosphor-)luofcent surfaced members In Figures to 28 ot thema-wings I have illustrated means tor increasing light intensity surrounding the cylindrical heat-absorbing mem.

ber 65. carrying -heat from the latter to the hoodv It (Figure 2) and to the outside.

Automatic control of illumination in focusing Means are provided for automatically adjusting the intensity of the iight in accordance with the formed with sprocket teeth to engage the links ot the chain- On shaft S1 is a'worxn El which.

l drives a' wormwheell $3 'within housing |91. ,Ar-

cuately formedwithin housing IS: circumfer-l entlally or worm wheel i! is a rheostat 1t en- !ged by a contact arm 1I through the intermediary ot its contact linger Ilz, Figure 88.l AContact finger "z constitutes. with its arm 1I,

'partotthereturnleadfromtherhetattothe lamp L as shown by the wiring diagram. Figure by the use o! a lamp or lamps with ultra-violet output in conjunction with phosphor-lluorescent surfaced light receiving members. In Figure 25 the brackets Si within the lamp house Asupport n glass plate Il having a phosphor-fluorescent or fluorescent surface 81x. In such case the lamp `above plate 8l will be a quartz lamp or other type producing ultra-violetoutput. By such means a more uniform and stronger light intensity is produced. 1n Figure 2s o ugh: reflector is employed within the lamp house. or u a lamp house for reception of slamp indicated at L' 'and two' glass plates 8l having iluorcent or phosphor-fluorescent coatings 81.1: are employed. As shown in Figure 2 8 the glass plate may have coatineg on its opposite i'aces if desired.,

Inthe formiliustratedinligure 26A the lamp L' issurrounded by two' glass 'tubes tir.: each. having lluorescent orphosphor-duorescent costings 81:. These' 'tubes am preferably Focusing adapter employing a licht roy .InFIEuIeSZZtOMlnCIuSiVQIhavmSQ-Mm is provided with-ai transparent window 89.1: and

there may be 'a second vwindow above the sainev as shown at 8S:e:e. A block 9.0 supports s small lamp Lr: ings. socket 9| connected to contact 91 for a small battery 9.3. and the socket is connected to a switch 94 disposed exterlorly of the box and adapted t0. open and close the circuit through the lamp via lead I5.

After the focusing'operati'on, box l! may be quickly removed and the negative within its neg-- ativeholding plate insertediollowed by down- .ward movernent of the clamping plate, that is to say, the pressure plate E23.

me copy back with adjustable mirror In Figures to 17 inclusive, have illustrated a copy back a'nd adjustable mirror applied to rink 'I of block S when the lens-holder and surmounted lamp house are removed. The copy back comprises a plate holder 9B having s. marginal depending ilangedarea 55:: adapted to be received upon ring 1. In Figures 15 and 16 oi the drawings the plate holder is shown as receiving a focusing glass 97.' The plate holder supports a socket 98 whichln turn carries a rod S8. and adjustably mounted on the rod is a bracket lili) carrying a horizontal arm IUI to which is pivoted a mirror |02. Thus themlrror may be given a limited vertical adjustment and also may be swung angularly on its pivot. .The illuminated copy having been placed under the lens at the lower end o! the bellows. the illuminated image will 'oe reilected upon the mirror and by ad Justlng the position of the lens relatively to the copy. a sharp focus may be visualized by means of the mirror when the proper focusing adjusb' ment has been reached.

Wall mounting for the camera-entamer the 'two arms being formed with screw-receiving apertures. The apertures oi arm lill will be threaded. When the standard l is held by the l arms completing one of the brackets. the assembly will be that of Figure 19, 'the screws being indicated at IGS. The base ol each bracket l0! receives`sn insulation block |01 and is secured by screws I0! to'l wall board it! whichboard may be secured to a wall (indicated at ill).

Thus the standard 8 and the camera-emerger carried thereby l'may be mounted upon a wall very readily and may be quickly removed therefrom by taking out the screws i" which secure the two complementary bracket arms to their enacting arms IN.

Itwlll be understood that various 'modiilcations may be made in the form and arrangement o! 4the elements illustrated in the embodiments oi' the invention. without departing from the spirit o! the invention.

which may'be carried tothe wall to which the plate against the action-oi the spring pressure deviceis mounted. While the blocks are 'shown 'of .solid material, it will be understood that l spring connection between the wall board IIS and' each of the brackets [t3 will constitute the equiv'- alent ot the blocks." Having described'rny invention, whatl claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is as follows:

`1. In a devicel of the character described. I. lamp house, a negative support. .and ncondenser housing. a negative pressure plate above the negative support, spiral spring pressure means directly engaging .and hearing. -upon the plate. and manually operated means for moving the means. the pressure plate being a ring-shaped member formed 4with an inner upwardiy directed guiding ilange, a condenser casing beow the lamp house and serving as a guide 4for cooperation with said ange. bosses carried by the pressure plate and iormed with vertical pessageways, ears projecting from the condenser .cas-

ing and entering said .passageways, rods conf support. 'a 'spring-engaged .pressure 'plate and manually operable means for moving the plato away from the negative support. of a pair oi negative carrying plates each iormed "ith a plurality oi suriace'deiormations, the deformations projecting at one face oi the plate and being countersunk relatively to the .opposite face of the plates. the projecting deiormations oi either one oi the two plates being adapted to be received within the countersunk defamation -oi thc .other plate, and the negative support having registration faces adapted to regisc! with the said proiecting deformations.

3. In a device oi the character in l combination. a condenser casing provided with, v

. a plurality of laterally projecting' apertured ears.

a negative support, a lnegative pressure plate above the said negative support provided with a plurality oi cups at peripheral points beyond the said condenser casing. the upper ends of the I said cups being enlarged and spertured. the

said negative pressure plate being further provided with uprising studs secured at their' upper.

ends in the said apertured cupenlargement and slidably received in the said aperturcd cars of the condenser casing. and spiral springs cncircling the said studs and disposed .between the said negative Vpressure plate and the said ears. the said cups of the pressure plate enclosing and concealing the said springs and comdenser casingears.

4. The combination according to claim 3- ;wherein the said negative support is provided with registration faces presenting l man opening and wherein the said d'eforxnatlagm's` o( the said negative carrying plaies are located on lines which dennethe sides o! a square. 

